Quirk

A Quirk (個性) is a special power someone can possess in Boku no Hero Academia. These Quirks are split into multiple types.

History
The first Quirk was in a baby who was born in Quig Quig, China. It was born as a "Luminescent Baby". Over time, people started to get different kinds of Quirks, though no one knew why.

The Police Force, upholding leadership and protocol, decided not to include Quirk users in their ranks out of fear that people in the Police Force would use Quirks as weapons. After Quirks started appearing, everyone wanted to become superheroes; professional Quirk users who can fight people that use their Quirks for evil. Thus, the profession of superheroes (where people use Quirks responsibly) began in order to fill in the gap of crime fighting Quirk users.

It was stated that, "80% of the world population has a unique physical constitution" or has a Quirk.

Information
Quirks can be passed down by parents or can be a combination of both parents' Quirks. They can also run through a family as well.

Quirks were said to be the next step of evolution in the human race. The 20% of people who don't have Quirks have the last joint in their smallest toe because it was considered useless for bodily function, therefore those that do have the joint likely won't develop a Quirk.

Quirks typically manifest in children by the age of 4, however some are already born active with it, as is the case with Present Mic and the Luminescent Baby.

Although it is very rare, it is possible for animals to have Quirks too, as seen in Nedzu.

It is also possible for two Quirks to mutate and become a new Quirk, as seen with One For All.

Children in elementary school receive Quirk counseling. The goal is to make sure that the children don't get the idea that they can do whatever they want; this is done to prevent children from abusing their Quirks and becoming evil as a result, like Shigaraki.

According to Tooru, public display of Quirks is against the law.

It also appears that the physical mutations of mutation-type quirks are inherited even if the quirks themselves aren't, as people such as Fumikage Tokoyami and Kouji Kouda have quirks unrelated to their appearance.

Known Quirk Classes

 * Emitter (発動 Hatsudō, lit. "Activation"): Emitter class quirks have the ability to either release certain substances, or alter materials around them in certain ways. Emitter class quirks usually require a conscious effort to activate (such as Electrification, Lumber, and Tape), and some even require large amounts of concentration in order for them to remain active (such as Erasure). Emitter-type quirks can also have various ranges. While some users require physical contact to use them (such as Zero Gravity) others can have much longer ranges with no distance restrictions (such as Navel Laser). While most emitter-type quirk users generally have a handle on their own "emissions", it's also possible for users to hurt themselves from coming into too much contact with their quirk (Explosion). The emissions of emitter quirks can have a wide variety of properties and abilities. While some substances produced by emitter quirks have common properties, some are unique to the user, and thus have special attributes to them. Those who alter the properties of materials around them can also widely vary in effects, from molecular alteration (Softness) to molecular destruction (Disintegration). Emitter-class quirks are, by a wide margin, the most common type of quirk.
 * Transformation (変形 Henkei): Transformation class quirks cause the user to take on a temporary alteration of some kind. Transformation quirks allow the user to temporarily "transform" their body in a variety of manners, sometimes enhancing existing features (Hardening, Gigantification) or perhaps adding new features to the body altogether (Dark Shadow, Tool Arms). Transformation quirks generally affect the user exclusively, the only known exception being Recovery. Transformation quirks usually require a close-range proximity in order to fully utilize them in combat due to them only affecting the user's body. Transformation quirks are also the only known type of quirk that can bestow the user attributes they don't normally exhibit by default. Transformation quirks usually require a conscious effort by the user to "activate", though users can be trained to initiate them reflexively. While transformation quirks are often quite powerful, their biggest weakness is that their effects are often temporary, and over-exertion of said quirk usually leads to negative repercussions on the user's behalf. Transformation quirks seem to be the least-common type of quirk.
 * Mutant (異形 Igyō): Mutant quirks can have a wide variety of features and abilities depending on the individual, but the common similarity seems to be that these quirks are a part of the user's physicality. As a result, these quirks are always active, but generally allow the user the greatest degree of control. Mutant quirks cause the user to exhibit irregular features that generally have some sort of purpose to them. Whether it be bodily alteration (Dupli-Arms) or enhancing preexisting abilities (Engine) mutant quirks even have the ability to channel certain aspects of their user through them similarly to emitter-type quirks (Earphone Jack). While not nessesarily a weakness, mutant quirks cannot be turned off, and sometimes cause the user inconvenience due to their malformations (such is the case with Mashirao Ojiro and his Tail quirk, which makes it difficult to sit or lay down).

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